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　　空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器是利用(yong)(yong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)熱流體(ti)的(de)換熱器。管內的(de)熱流體(ti)通過管壁(bi)和翅片(pian)與管外空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)進行換熱，所用(yong)(yong)的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)通常由通風機(ji)供(gong)給。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)，廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于：煉油(you)、石油(you)化工(gong)塔頂蒸氣(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)；回流油(you)、塔底油(you)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；各種反應(ying)生成物的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；循環(huan)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)和電(dian)站汽輪(lun)機(ji)排氣(qi)(qi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)。工(gong)作壓力(li)可(ke)達69兆(zhao)帕。但耗(hao)電(dian)量、噪聲和占地面積均(jun)大，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)受氣(qi)(qi)候變化影響(xiang)較大。

　　結構

　　管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束包括傳熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱、側梁和橫梁等(deng)。它可(ke)按臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)、立式(shi)(shi)(shi)和斜(xie)頂式(shi)(shi)(shi)（人字(zi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)）3種基本形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)置。其中，臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)置傳熱(re)(re)面積(ji)大(da)，空(kong)氣分布(bu)均(jun)勻，傳熱(re)(re)好；斜(xie)頂布(bu)置時，通(tong)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)安(an)裝在(zai)(zai)人字(zi)空(kong)間(jian)，占地面積(ji)小，結構(gou)緊湊(cou)。為抵消空(kong)氣側的(de)(de)給(gei)熱(re)(re)系(xi)數(shu)較低的(de)(de)影響，通(tong)常采用(yong)光(guang)(guang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外壁裝翅(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)。翅(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為傳熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，可(ke)以擴大(da)傳熱(re)(re)面積(ji)。翅(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分層排列，其兩端用(yong)焊接(jie)或脹接(jie)方(fang)法(fa)連(lian)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱上。排管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一般(ban)為3～8排。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束系(xi)列尺寸長達12米。光(guang)(guang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑常為25毫(hao)米和38毫(hao)米，翅(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)高度一般(ban)取(qu)12～15毫(hao)米，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束寬(kuan)為100～3000毫(hao)米。翅(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是空(kong)氣冷卻器(qi)的(de)(de)核心元件，其形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和材料直接(jie)影響設備性(xing)能。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)可(ke)用(yong)碳鋼、銅、鋁(lv)和不(bu)銹鋼等(deng)制成；翅(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)材料根據使用(yong)環境和制造工藝來確定，大(da)多用(yong)工業純鋁(lv)，在(zai)(zai)防腐(fu)蝕(shi)要(yao)求很(hen)高或在(zai)(zai)制造工藝條件特殊的(de)(de)情況下也采用(yong)銅或不(bu)銹鋼。翅(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)可(ke)按橫向(xiang)或縱向(xiang)排列。翅(chi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)基本形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)：繞(rao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、鑲片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、軋片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、套片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、焊片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、橢圓(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、紊流式(shi)(shi)(shi)（包括輪輻式(shi)(shi)(shi)、開槽形(xing)和波紋(wen)形(xing)等(deng)）。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱的(de)(de)結構(gou)主要(yao)有(you)法(fa)蘭式(shi)(shi)(shi)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)堵式(shi)(shi)(shi)和集合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。一般(ban)前者用(yong)于(yu)中低壓(ya)，后兩者用(yong)于(yu)高壓(ya)。為適應管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)膨脹，一端管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱不(bu)固(gu)定，容許沿管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)長方(fang)向(xiang)位(wei)移。通(tong)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)通(tong)常采用(yong)軸流通(tong)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)。

　　通風方式

　　通風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)鼓(gu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)引風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)兩種方(fang)式。①鼓(gu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)式：空氣先流(liu)經(jing)(jing)通風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)后(hou)流(liu)入管(guan)束(shu)。②引風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)式：空氣先流(liu)經(jing)(jing)管(guan)束(shu)后(hou)流(liu)入通風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)。前者操作費用較(jiao)經(jing)(jing)濟，產(chan)生的(de)湍流(liu)對傳(chuan)熱(re)有(you)利(li)，使用較(jiao)多(duo)。后(hou)者氣流(liu)分布均勻，有(you)利(li)于溫(wen)度控制，噪(zao)聲小(xiao)，是發展的(de)方(fang)向。熱(re)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)出口溫(wen)度主要靠(kao)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)通過管(guan)束(shu)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量來控制，即(ji)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)葉片(pian)的(de)傾角、通風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)轉(zhuan)速和(he)百葉窗的(de)開(kai)啟(qi)程度等。對冬季易凝、易凍的(de)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)，可采用熱(re)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)循環或蒸汽加熱(re)的(de)辦法調(diao)(diao)節(jie)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)出口溫(wen)度。

　　基本形式

　　空(kong)氣冷卻器(qi)翅片(pian)(pian)(pian)管(guan)的(de)(de)基本(ben)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)：套片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、繞(rao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、軋(ya)片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、焊片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、橢圓管(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鑲(xiang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、紊(wen)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、輪(lun)輻式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、開槽形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)波(bo)紋形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。空(kong)氣冷卻器(qi)的(de)(de)管(guan)箱(xiang)結(jie)構主(zhu)要有(you)法蘭式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、管(guan)堵(du)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)集合管(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。一般法蘭式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于中低壓，管(guan)堵(du)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)集合管(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于高壓。